Human Development Index 2020 is a report published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). In 2020, UNDP has released planetary pressures-adjusted Human Development Index. This means that the standard Human Development Index (HDI) is adjusted by a nation's per capita carbon dioxide emissions and material footprint.
What is the Human Development Index (HDI)?
It is a composite index which measures average achievement in three basic dimensions of human development-- a long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living.
1- Long and healthy life: For Indian’s, life expectancy at birth is 69.7 years in the report. This is slightly lower than the South Asian average of 69.9 years. Also, between 1990 and 2019, India’s life expectancy at birth increased by 11.8 years.
2- Knowledge: The expected years of schooling in India was 12.2 years in the report. Also, between 1990 and 2019, India's mean years of schooling increased by 3.5 years, and expected years of schooling increased by 4.5 years.
3- Standard of living: India's Gross National Income (GNI) per capita is USD 6,681 which increased by about 273.9% between 1990 and 2019.
Structure of the 2020 Human Development Report
1- Renewing human development for the Anthropocene.
2- Mechanisms of change to catalyse action.
3- Exploring new metrics.
Human Development Index 2020: India's Ranking
India ranked at 131st position out of 189 countries in the index, felling in the medium human development category with an HDI value of 0.645. In the year 2019, India ranked at 129th position.
It is to be noted that between 1990 and 2019, India’s HDI value increased from 0.429 to 0.645, an increase of 50.3%.
Human Development Index (HDI) 2020: Other indexes and India's performance
| Indexes | Value (India's performance) |
| Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) | 0.475 |
| Gender Development Index (GDI) | 0.820 |
| Gender Inequality Index (GII) | 0.488 |
| Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) | 0.123 |
Definitions:
| 1- Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI): It is the HDI value adjusted for inequalities in the three basic dimensions of human development. 2- Gender Development Index (GDI): It is the ratio of female to male HDI values. 3- Gender Inequality Index (GII): It is a composite measure reflecting inequality in achievement between women and men in three dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment and the labour market. 4- Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI): It is the percentage of the population that is multidimensionally poor adjusted by the intensity of the deprivations. |
2020 Human Development Report by UNDP
| HDI Rank | Country/Territory | Value |
| 1 | Norway | 0.957 |
| 2 | Ireland | 0.955 |
| 2 | Switzerland | 0.955 |
| 4 | Hong Kong, China (SAR) | 0.949 |
| 4 | Iceland | 0.949 |
| 6 | Germany | 0.947 |
| 7 | Sweden | 0.945 |
| 8 | Australia | 0.944 |
| 8 | Netherlands | 0.944 |
| 10 | Denmark | 0.940 |
| 11 | Finland | 0.938 |
| 11 | Singapore | 0.938 |
| 13 | United Kingdom | 0.932 |
| 14 | Belgium | 0.931 |
| 14 | New Zealand | 0.931 |
| 16 | Canada | 0.929 |
| 17 | United States | 0.926 |
| 18 | Austria | 0.922 |
| 19 | Israel | 0.919 |
| 19 | Japan | 0.919 |
| 19 | Liechtenstein | 0.919 |
| 22 | Slovenia | 0.917 |
| 23 | Korea (Republic of) | 0.916 |
| 23 | Luxembourg | 0.916 |
| 25 | Spain | 0.904 |
| 26 | France | 0.901 |
| 27 | Czechia | 0.900 |
| 28 | Malta | 0.895 |
| 29 | Estonia | 0.892 |
| 29 | Italy | 0.892 |
| 31 | United Arab Emirates | 0.890 |
| 32 | Greece | 0.888 |
| 33 | Cyprus | 0.887 |
| 34 | Lithuania | 0.882 |
| 35 | Poland | 0.880 |
| 36 | Andorra | 0.868 |
| 37 | Latvia | 0.866 |
| 38 | Portugal | 0.864 |
| 39 | Slovakia | 0.860 |
| 40 | Hungary | 0.854 |
| 40 | Saudi Arabia | 0.854 |
| 42 | Bahrain | 0.852 |
| 43 | Chile | 0.851 |
| 43 | Croatia | 0.851 |
| 45 | Qatar | 0.848 |
| 46 | Argentina | 0.845 |
| 47 | Brunei Darussalam | 0.838 |
| 48 | Montenegro | 0.829 |
| 49 | Romania | 0.828 |
| 50 | Palau | 0.826 |
| 51 | Kazakhstan | 0.825 |
| 52 | Russian Federation | 0.824 |
| 53 | Belarus | 0.823 |
| 54 | Turkey | 0.820 |
| 55 | Uruguay | 0.817 |
| 56 | Bulgaria | 0.816 |
| 57 | Panama | 0.815 |
| 58 | Bahamas | 0.814 |
| 58 | Barbados | 0.814 |
| 60 | Oman | 0.813 |
| 61 | Georgia | 0.812 |
| 62 | Costa Rica | 0.810 |
| 62 | Malaysia | 0.810 |
| 64 | Kuwait | 0.806 |
| 64 | Serbia | 0.806 |
| 66 | Mauritius | 0.804 |
| 67 | Seychelles | 0.796 |
| 67 | Trinand and Tobago | 0.796 |
| 69 | Albania | 0.795 |
| 70 | Cuba | 0.783 |
| 70 | Iran (the Islamic Republic of) | 0.796 |
| 72 | Sri Lanka | 0.782 |
| 73 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.780 |
| 74 | Grenada | 0.779 |
| 74 | Mexico | 0.779 |
| 74 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.779 |
| 74 | Ukraine | 0.779 |
| 78 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.778 |
| 79 | Peru | 0.777 |
| 79 | Thailand | 0.777 |
| 81 | Armenia | 0.776 |
| 82 | North Macedonia | 0.774 |
| 83 | Colombia | 0.767 |
| 84 | Brazil | 0.765 |
| 85 | China | 0.761 |
| 86 | Ecuador | 0.759 |
| 86 | Saint Lucia | 0.759 |
| 88 | Azerbaijan | 0.756 |
| 88 | Dominican Republic | 0.756 |
| 90 | Moldova (Republic of) | 0.750 |
| 91 | Algeria | 0.748 |
| 92 | Lebanon | 0.744 |
| 93 | Fiji | 0.743 |
| 94 | Dominica | 0.742 |
| 95 | Maldives | 0.740 |
| 96 | Tunisia | 0.740 |
| 97 | Saint Vincet and the Grenadines | 0.738 |
| 97 | Suriname | 0.738 |
| 99 | Mongolia | 0.737 |
| 100 | Botswana | 0.735 |
| 101 | Jamaica | 0.734 |
| 102 | Jordon | 0.729 |
| 103 | Paraguay | 0.728 |
| 104 | Tonga | 0.725 |
| 105 | Libya | 0.724 |
| 106 | Uzbekistan | 0.720 |
| 107 | Bolivia (Plurinational State of) | 0.718 |
| 107 | Indonesia | 0.718 |
| 107 | Philippines | 0.718 |
| 110 | Belize | 0.716 |
| 111 | Samoa | 0.715 |
| 111 | Turkemistan | 0.715 |
| 113 | Venezuela (the Bolivarian Republic of) | 0.711 |
| 114 | South Africa | 0.709 |
| 115 | Palestine, State of | 0.708 |
| 116 | Egypt | 0.707 |
| 117 | Marshall Islands | 0.704 |
| 117 | Viet Nam | 0.704 |
| 119 | Gabon | 0.703 |
| 120 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.697 |
| 121 | Morocco | 0.686 |
| 122 | Guyana | 0.682 |
| 123 | Iraq | 0.674 |
| 124 | El Salvador | 0.673 |
| 125 | Tajikistan | 0.668 |
| 126 | Cabo Verde | 0.665 |
| 127 | Guatemala | 0.663 |
| 128 | Nicaragua | 0.660 |
| 129 | Bhutan | 0.654 |
| 130 | Namibia | 0.646 |
| 131 | India | 0.645 |
| 132 | Honduras | 0.634 |
| 133 | Bangladesh | 0.634 |
| 134 | Kiribati | 0.630 |
| 135 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0.625 |
| 136 | Micronesia (the Federated States of) | 0.620 |
| 137 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 0.613 |
| 138 | Eswatini (Kingdom of) | 0.611 |
| 138 | Ghana | 0.611 |
| 140 | Vanuatu | 0.609 |
| 141 | Timor-Leste | 0.606 |
| 142 | Nepal | 0.602 |
| 143 | Kenya | 0.601 |
| 144 | Cambodia | 0.594 |
| 145 | Equitorial Guinea | 0.592 |
| 146 | Zambia | 0.584 |
| 147 | Myanmar | 0.583 |
| 148 | Angola | 0.581 |
| 149 | Congo | 0.574 |
| 150 | Zimbabwe | 0.571 |
| 151 | Solomon Islands | 0.567 |
| 151 | The Syrian Arab Republic | 0.567 |
| 153 | Cameroon | 0.563 |
| 154 | Pakistan | 0.557 |
| 155 | Papua New Guinea | 0.555 |
| 156 | Comoros | 0.554 |
| 157 | Mauritania | 0.546 |
| 158 | Benin | 0.545 |
| 159 | Uganda | 0.544 |
| 160 | Rwanda | 0.543 |
| 161 | Nigeria | 0.539 |
| 162 | Côte d’Ivoire | 0.538 |
| 163 | Tanzania (the United Republic of) | 0.529 |
| 164 | Madagascar | 0.528 |
| 165 | Lesotho | 0.527 |
| 166 | Djibouti | 0.524 |
| 167 | Togo | 0.515 |
| 168 | Senegal | 0.512 |
| 169 | Afghanistan | 0.511 |
| 170 | Haiti | 0.510 |
| 170 | Sudan | 0.510 |
| 172 | The Gambia | 0.496 |
| 173 | Ethiopia | 0.485 |
| 174 | Malawi | 0.483 |
| 175 | Congo (the Democratic Republic of) | 0.480 |
| 175 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.480 |
| 175 | Liberia | 0.480 |
| 178 | Guinea | 0.477 |
| 179 | Yemen | 0.470 |
| 180 | Eritrea | 0.459 |
| 181 | Mozambique | 0.456 |
| 182 | Burkina Faso | 0.452 |
| 183 | Sierra Leone | 0.452 |
| 184 | Mali | 0.434 |
| 185 | Burundi | 0.433 |
| 186 | South Sudan | 0.433 |
| 187 | Chad | 0.398 |
| 188 | Central African Republic | 0.397 |
| 189 | Niger | 0.394 |
Other Reports
1- Freedom on the Net 2020
As per a report by Freedom House on Freedom on the Net 2020, India has ranked at 51st position. The report also labelled India’s internet as 'partly free'.
Categories:
A. Obstacles to Access (12 points out of 25)
B. Limits on Content (21 points out of 35)
C. Violations of User Rights (18 points out of 40)
2- Global Economic Freedom Index 2020
As per a report by Fraser Institute, Canada on Global Economic Freedom Index 2020, India has ranked at 105th position. The report was released in September 2020.
3- World Press Freedom Index 2020
As per a report by Reporters Without Borders (RSF), India ranked at 142nd position out of 180 countries/territories. The report was released in April 2020.
Ease of Doing Business 2020: India ascended 17 notches, ranked at 63rd position by The World Bank
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