List of major canals and dams in Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh is a state in northern India. It is the most populous state in the Republic of India as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world. In terms of net state domestic product (NSDP), Uttar Pradesh is the second-largest economy in India after Maharashtra. It is characterised by hard rock strata and a varied topography of hills, plains, valleys and plateaus. The Bhabhar tract gives place to the terai area which is covered with tall elephant grass and thick forests interspersed with marshes and swamps.

About 90 percent of the total area of the state is drain by the Ganga and its tributaries rivers. Therefore, Uttar Pradesh has a prominent place in terms of distribution and expansion of canals. About 30 percent of the total irrigated land is irrigated by canals.     

Major canals and dams in Uttar Pradesh

1. Upper Ganges or Ganga Canal

Origin / related river: Haridwar (Uttarakhand), Ganges River

Beneficiary District: Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, Meerut, Bulandshahar, Aligarh, Mathura, Eta, Firozabad, Etawah, Mainpuri, Kanpur, Fatehpur, Ghaziabad and Farrukhabad.

2. Central Ganges or Ganga Canal

Origin / related river: Bijnor, Ganges River.

Beneficiary District: Bulandshahar, Aligarh, Ghaziabad, Hathras, Mathura and Firozabad.

3. Lower Ganges or Ganga Canal

Origin / related river: Narora (Bulandshahar), Ganges River.

Beneficiary District: Bulandshahar, Fatehpur, Prayagraj, Aligarh, Mainpuri, Ghaziabad, Eta, Firozabad, Kanpur and Farrukhabad.

4. Ramganga Canal

Origin / related river: Kalagarh (Pahadi), Ramganga River

Beneficiary District: Bijnor, Amroha, Moradabad and Rampur

5. East Yamuna Canal

Origin / related river: Faizabad (Saharanpur) / Yamuna River

Beneficiary District: Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, Meerut, Ghaziabad and Delhi.

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6. Agra Canal

Origin / related river: Okhla (near Delhi), Yamuna River

Beneficiary District: Delhi, Gurgaon, Bharatpur and Agra.

7. Sharda canal

Origin / related river: Banavas (Nepal border) / Sharda River

Beneficiary District: Pilibhit, Bareli, Shahjahanpur, Lakhimpur, Sitapur, Hardoi, Barabanki, Unnao, Lucknow, Rae Bareli, Pratapgarh, Sultanpur and Allahabad.

8. Saryu or Ghaghra canal

Origin / related river: Katarnia (Bahraich) / Ghaghra.

Beneficiary District: Bahraich, Shravasti, Balrampur, Gonda and Basti.

9. Ghaghra canal

Origin / related river: Mirzapur / Ghaghara (Auxiliary river of Son)

Beneficiary District: Sonbhadra and Mirzapur

10. Betwa Canal

Origin / related river: Parichha (Jhansi)/ Betwa River

Beneficiary District: Jhansi, Hamirpur and Jalaun

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11. Ken Canal

Origin / related river: Panna (Madhya Pradesh) / Ken River.

Beneficiary District: Banda

12. Gandak canal

Origin / related river: Nepal / Old Gandak River

Beneficiary District: Gorakhpur, Kushinagar, Maharajganj and Deoria.

13. Rani Lakshmi Bai Dam Canals

Origin / related river: Matatila (Lalit) / Betwa River.

Beneficiary District: Hamirpur, Jalaun, Jhansi and Lalit.

14. Rajghat Canal

Origin / related river: Lalitpur / Betwa River

Beneficiary District: Hamirpur, Jalaun, Jhansi and Lalit.

15. Rihand Valley Project canals

Origin / related river: Pipri (Sonbhadra) / Rihand River

Beneficiary District: Mirzapur, Sonbhadra, Varanasi and Allahabad.

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16. Bansagar Canal

Origin / related river: Shahdol (Madhya Pradesh) / Son River.

Beneficiary District: Mirzapur, Sonbhadra, Chandaul and Allahabad.

17. Belan Tons Canal

Origin / related river: Rewa / Bellan River.

Beneficiary District: Allahabad.

18. Banganga Barrage Canals

Origin / related river: Shohargarh (Siddhartha Nagar) / Banganga River

Beneficiary District: Siddhartha Nagar and Basti

19. Naugarh Dam canals

Origin / related river: Naughad (Ghazipur) / Karmanasa River.

Beneficiary District: Chandauli and Ghazipur

20. Meja reservoir canal

Origin / related river: Meja (Allahabad) / Belan River

Beneficiary District: Allahabad and Mirzapur

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21. Chandraprabha Dam canal

Origin / related river: Chakia (Chandauli)

Beneficiary District: Chandauli

22. Arjuna Dam Canal

Origin / related river: Charkhari (Hamirpur) / Arjun River

Beneficiary District: Hamirpur

23. Ahrira Dam Canal

Origin / related river: Ahrora (Varanasi) / Gadai River

Beneficiary District: Varanasi and Mirzapur

24. Nagva dam canal

Origin / related river: Nagva / Karmanasaha River

Beneficiary District: Mirzapur and Sonbhadra

25. Dhasan Canal

Origin / related river: Jhansi / Betwa River

Beneficiary District: Jhansi and Hamirpur

26. Saprar Canal

Origin / related river: Mauranipur (Jhansi)/ Saprar River

Beneficiary District: Jhansi and Hamirpur

Since the 1960s, Uttar Pradesh has become the largest producer of food grains in the country with the help of high yielding seeds of wheat and rice, excess availability of fertilizers and excessive use of irrigation.

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