Early dams were built to form reservoirs or tanks for extensive irrigation works. It is one of the engineering wonders of the ancient world. In the modern world, dams are constructed for the multipurpose use such as for electricity generation, water supply for domestic and industrial uses, flood control, recreation, inland navigation, fish breeding etc. The Egyptians were the first who constructed the dam and the Romans were the second to build arch dams. The world’s oldest functional dam with their date of construction, who constructed it and the location are given below:
1. Lake Homs Dam
Date of Construction: Between 1319-1304 BC
Constructed by: Egyptian ruler Sethi
Location: Syria
2. Proserpina Dam
Date of Construction: 1st or 2nd Century
Constructed by: Roman Empire
Location: Spain
3. Cornalvo Dam
Date of Construction: 1st or 2nd Century
Constructed by: Roman Empire
Location: Spain
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4. Kallanai Dam or Grand Anicut
Date of Construction: 2nd Century AD
Constructed by: Chola king Karikalan
Location: India
5. Kaerumataike Dam
Date of Construction: 162 AD
Constructed by: Not mentioned
Location: Japan
6. Sayamaike Dam
Date of Construction: 7th Century AD
Constructed by: Samurai in the Edo period.
Location: Japan
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7. Manoike Dam
Date of Construction: Between 701-704 AD
Constructed by: Michimori Ason, the lord of Sanuki Province
Location: Japan
8. Sadd-e Kobar Dam
Date of Construction: 10th Century AD
Constructed by: Not mentioned
Location: Iran
9. Moti Talab Dam
Date of Construction: 12th Century AD
Constructed by: Sri Asuri Ramanujacharya, a Sri Vaishnava Saint
Location: India
10. Almansa Dam
Date of Construction: 16th Century AD
Constructed by: Not mentioned
Location: Spain
The construction of dams gained popularity in the 19th and 20th century. With the tens of thousands of existing large dams throughout the world and the ever-increasing demand for water and power, dams will continue to make a significant impact on modern day life.
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